Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations Increase When Leaves Fall in Autumn
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ice nucleating particles active at −8 ◦C or warmer (INP−8) are produced by plants and by microorganisms living from and on them. Laboratory studies have shown that large numbers of INP−8 are produced by decaying leaves. At three widely dispersed locations in Northwestern Eurasia, we saw, from an analysis of PM10 filter samples, that seasonal median concentrations of INP−8 in the boundary layer doubled from summer to autumn. Concentrations of INP−8 increased in autumn soon after the normalized differential vegetation index had started to decrease. Whether the large-scale phenological event of leaf senescence and shedding in autumn has an impact on ice formation in clouds is a justified question.
منابع مشابه
Strong control of Southern Ocean cloud reflectivity by ice-nucleating particles
Large biases in climate model simulations of cloud radiative properties over the Southern Ocean cause large errors in modeled sea surface temperatures, atmospheric circulation, and climate sensitivity. Here, we combine cloud-resolving model simulations with estimates of the concentration of ice-nucleating particles in this region to show that our simulated Southern Ocean clouds reflect far more...
متن کاملInteractive comment on “Single-particle characterization of ice-nucleating
This manuscript presents the characterization of individual ice nucleating and ice residual particles using SEM/EDX analysis. The ice nucleating particle and ice particle residuals were collected by three different instruments. This study provides very useful information/insights on the comparison of sampling instruments/techniques for ice nuclei. The subject of the manuscript is suitable for p...
متن کاملAdvances in Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Research: Theoretical Modeling and Measurements
In this chapter we formulate an ice active surface site based stochastic model of heterogeneous freezing with the unique feature of invoking a continuum assumption on the ice nucleating activity (contact angle) of an aerosol particle’s surface, that requires no assumptions about the size or number of active sites. The result is a particle specific property g that defines a distribution of local...
متن کاملFat body cells and calcium phosphate spherules induce ice nucleation in the freeze-tolerant larvae of the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera, Tephritidae)
During the autumn, the third-instar larvae of the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis acquire freeze tolerance and their crystallization temperatures increase into the -8 to -10 °C range. Despite conflicting reports, efficient endogenous ice nucleators have not been identified in this freeze-tolerant insect. We found large crystalloid spheres within the Malpighian tubules of overwintering larvae. ...
متن کاملIce nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights
AgI is one of the best investigated ice nucleating substances. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Theoretical and experimental studies over the last sixty years provide a complex picture of silver iodide as ice nucleating agent with conflicting and inconsistent results. This review compares experimental ice nucleation studies in order to analyse ...
متن کامل